Hardware identity primitive for Arbitrum Stylus — binding ESP32-S3 silicon to on-chain execution. Sybil-resistant DePIN verification without TEE or secure elements.
Stylus Hardware Anchor (SHA) is a reusable hardware identity verification primitive for Arbitrum Stylus smart contracts. It cryptographically binds immutable ESP32-S3 eFuse silicon identifiers to on-chain execution logic, enabling Sybil-resistant DePIN node verification without TEE or secure elements.
THE PROBLEM — DePIN networks assume their nodes are real hardware. Nobody proves it. A single laptop can register a hundred identities and farm rewards — the chain has no idea. Software identities are trivially faked. SHA fixes this at the silicon level.
WHY STYLUS MAKES THIS POSSIBLE — Running receipt verification in Solidity is prohibitively expensive. Stylus WASM batch execution changes the economics:
N=5: 29,748 gas/receipt
N=10: 20,209 gas/receipt
N=20: 15,419 gas/receipt
N=50: 12,564 gas/receipt
Gas per receipt drops sharply as batch size grows. This amortization is impossible to replicate in Solidity at these costs.
FOUR ON-CHAIN GUARANTEES —
Device-Bound Identity: 1 physical chip = 1 on-chain identity derived from manufacturer-burned eFuse registers
Replay Protection: ReplayDetected() custom error — each receipt processed exactly once
Firmware Governance: Execution restricted to approved firmware hashes
Deterministic Verification: Keccak-256 parity across ESP32 firmware, Python middleware, and Stylus contract — 10,000+ test vectors validated
TECHNICAL DETAILS — Blockchain: Arbitrum Sepolia — Smart Contract: Stylus (Rust/WASM) — Contract: 0xD661a1aB8CEFaaCd78F4B968670C3bC438415615 — Firmware: ESP32-S3 (C/C++) — Middleware: Python SDK
LIVE EVIDENCE — GitHub: https://github.com/orthonode/Stylus-Hardware-Anchor Live contract (89+ transactions): https://sepolia.arbiscan.io/address/0xD661a1aB8CEFaaCd78F4B968670C3bC438415615